A typical roof here lands around 4.0 kW, with most eligible homes comfortably fitting within 3–6 kW. Each kilowatt of panels produces roughly 1023 kWh per year on a south-facing roof. We value self-used electricity at 26.9p and exported surplus at a baseline 10p via SEG. Use the calculator above for your exact tariff.
Browse the scenarios below. Each battery size has its own expand — open the one that matches your plan (or just explore). For each system size (2–8 kW) we show annual output, how much you use directly, what gets exported, annual benefit, upfront cost, break-even, and a 20-year net. Negative numbers are possible — that’s the honest trade-off when adding more battery than your usage profile justifies.
No battery 5 kW example → Annual benefit: £858, Upfront: £10,173, Break-even: 11.9 yrs
| System | Annual output | Self-use | Exported | Bill saving | Export income | Annual benefit | Upfront cost | Break-even | 20-year net |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 kW | 2046 kWh | 818 kWh | 1228 kWh | £220 | £123 | £343 | £4,069 | 11.9 yrs | £2,792 |
| 3 kW | 3069 kWh | 1228 kWh | 1841 kWh | £330 | £184 | £515 | £6,104 | 11.9 yrs | £4,188 |
| 4 kW | 4092 kWh | 1637 kWh | 2455 kWh | £441 | £246 | £686 | £8,138 | 11.9 yrs | £5,584 |
| 5 kW | 5115 kWh | 2046 kWh | 3069 kWh | £551 | £307 | £858 | £10,173 | 11.9 yrs | £6,980 |
| 6 kW | 6138 kWh | 2455 kWh | 3683 kWh | £661 | £368 | £1,029 | £12,207 | 11.9 yrs | £8,376 |
| 7 kW | 7161 kWh | 2864 kWh | 4296 kWh | £771 | £430 | £1,201 | £14,242 | 11.9 yrs | £9,772 |
| 8 kW | 8184 kWh | 3273 kWh | 4910 kWh | £881 | £491 | £1,372 | £16,276 | 11.9 yrs | £11,168 |
Assumptions: south-facing, sensible tilt; self-use shares from site rules; export at 10p baseline. Costs: panels £/kW = 2,035, battery £/kWh = 700.
3 kWh battery 5 kW example → Annual benefit: £1,031, Upfront: £12,273, Break-even: 11.9 yrs
| System | Annual output | Self-use | Exported | Bill saving | Export income | Annual benefit | Upfront cost | Break-even | 20-year net |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 kW | 2046 kWh | 1228 kWh | 818 kWh | £330 | £82 | £412 | £6,169 | 15.0 yrs | £2,077 |
| 3 kW | 3069 kWh | 1841 kWh | 1228 kWh | £496 | £123 | £618 | £8,204 | 13.3 yrs | £4,165 |
| 4 kW | 4092 kWh | 2455 kWh | 1637 kWh | £661 | £164 | £825 | £10,238 | 12.4 yrs | £6,254 |
| 5 kW | 5115 kWh | 3069 kWh | 2046 kWh | £826 | £205 | £1,031 | £12,273 | 11.9 yrs | £8,342 |
| 6 kW | 6138 kWh | 3683 kWh | 2455 kWh | £991 | £246 | £1,237 | £14,307 | 11.6 yrs | £10,430 |
| 7 kW | 7161 kWh | 4296 kWh | 2864 kWh | £1,157 | £286 | £1,443 | £16,342 | 11.3 yrs | £12,519 |
| 8 kW | 8184 kWh | 4910 kWh | 3273 kWh | £1,322 | £327 | £1,649 | £18,376 | 11.1 yrs | £14,607 |
Assumptions: south-facing, sensible tilt; self-use shares from site rules; export at 10p baseline. Costs: panels £/kW = 2,035, battery £/kWh = 700.
5 kWh battery 5 kW example → Annual benefit: £1,117, Upfront: £13,673, Break-even: 12.2 yrs
| System | Annual output | Self-use | Exported | Bill saving | Export income | Annual benefit | Upfront cost | Break-even | 20-year net |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 kW | 2046 kWh | 1432 kWh | 614 kWh | £386 | £61 | £447 | £7,569 | 16.9 yrs | £1,369 |
| 3 kW | 3069 kWh | 2148 kWh | 921 kWh | £578 | £92 | £670 | £9,604 | 14.3 yrs | £3,804 |
| 4 kW | 4092 kWh | 2864 kWh | 1228 kWh | £771 | £123 | £894 | £11,638 | 13.0 yrs | £6,238 |
| 5 kW | 5115 kWh | 3580 kWh | 1534 kWh | £964 | £153 | £1,117 | £13,673 | 12.2 yrs | £8,673 |
| 6 kW | 6138 kWh | 4296 kWh | 1841 kWh | £1,157 | £184 | £1,341 | £15,707 | 11.7 yrs | £11,107 |
| 7 kW | 7161 kWh | 5012 kWh | 2148 kWh | £1,349 | £215 | £1,564 | £17,742 | 11.3 yrs | £13,542 |
| 8 kW | 8184 kWh | 5729 kWh | 2455 kWh | £1,542 | £246 | £1,788 | £19,776 | 11.1 yrs | £15,976 |
Assumptions: south-facing, sensible tilt; self-use shares from site rules; export at 10p baseline. Costs: panels £/kW = 2,035, battery £/kWh = 700.
7.5 kWh battery 5 kW example → Annual benefit: £1,143, Upfront: £15,423, Break-even: 13.5 yrs
| System | Annual output | Self-use | Exported | Bill saving | Export income | Annual benefit | Upfront cost | Break-even | 20-year net |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 kW | 2046 kWh | 1494 kWh | 552 kWh | £402 | £55 | £457 | £9,319 | 20.4 yrs | £-173 |
| 3 kW | 3069 kWh | 2240 kWh | 829 kWh | £603 | £83 | £686 | £11,354 | 16.6 yrs | £2,365 |
| 4 kW | 4092 kWh | 2987 kWh | 1105 kWh | £804 | £110 | £915 | £13,388 | 14.6 yrs | £4,904 |
| 5 kW | 5115 kWh | 3734 kWh | 1381 kWh | £1,005 | £138 | £1,143 | £15,423 | 13.5 yrs | £7,442 |
| 6 kW | 6138 kWh | 4481 kWh | 1657 kWh | £1,206 | £166 | £1,372 | £17,457 | 12.7 yrs | £9,980 |
| 7 kW | 7161 kWh | 5227 kWh | 1933 kWh | £1,407 | £193 | £1,601 | £19,492 | 12.2 yrs | £12,519 |
| 8 kW | 8184 kWh | 5974 kWh | 2210 kWh | £1,608 | £221 | £1,829 | £21,526 | 11.8 yrs | £15,057 |
Assumptions: south-facing, sensible tilt; self-use shares from site rules; export at 10p baseline. Costs: panels £/kW = 2,035, battery £/kWh = 700.
10 kWh battery 5 kW example → Annual benefit: £1,161, Upfront: £17,173, Break-even: 14.8 yrs
| System | Annual output | Self-use | Exported | Bill saving | Export income | Annual benefit | Upfront cost | Break-even | 20-year net |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 kW | 2046 kWh | 1534 kWh | 511 kWh | £413 | £51 | £464 | £11,069 | 23.8 yrs | £-1,785 |
| 3 kW | 3069 kWh | 2302 kWh | 767 kWh | £620 | £77 | £696 | £13,104 | 18.8 yrs | £823 |
| 4 kW | 4092 kWh | 3069 kWh | 1023 kWh | £826 | £102 | £928 | £15,138 | 16.3 yrs | £3,431 |
| 5 kW | 5115 kWh | 3836 kWh | 1279 kWh | £1,033 | £128 | £1,161 | £17,173 | 14.8 yrs | £6,038 |
| 6 kW | 6138 kWh | 4603 kWh | 1534 kWh | £1,239 | £153 | £1,393 | £19,207 | 13.8 yrs | £8,646 |
| 7 kW | 7161 kWh | 5370 kWh | 1790 kWh | £1,446 | £179 | £1,625 | £21,242 | 13.1 yrs | £11,253 |
| 8 kW | 8184 kWh | 6138 kWh | 2046 kWh | £1,652 | £205 | £1,857 | £23,276 | 12.5 yrs | £13,861 |
Assumptions: south-facing, sensible tilt; self-use shares from site rules; export at 10p baseline. Costs: panels £/kW = 2,035, battery £/kWh = 700.
13.5 kWh battery 5 kW example → Annual benefit: £1,178, Upfront: £19,623, Break-even: 16.7 yrs
| System | Annual output | Self-use | Exported | Bill saving | Export income | Annual benefit | Upfront cost | Break-even | 20-year net |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 kW | 2046 kWh | 1575 kWh | 471 kWh | £424 | £47 | £471 | £13,519 | 28.7 yrs | £-4,096 |
| 3 kW | 3069 kWh | 2363 kWh | 706 kWh | £636 | £71 | £707 | £15,554 | 22.0 yrs | £-1,419 |
| 4 kW | 4092 kWh | 3151 kWh | 941 kWh | £848 | £94 | £942 | £17,588 | 18.7 yrs | £1,257 |
| 5 kW | 5115 kWh | 3938 kWh | 1176 kWh | £1,060 | £118 | £1,178 | £19,623 | 16.7 yrs | £3,934 |
| 6 kW | 6138 kWh | 4726 kWh | 1412 kWh | £1,272 | £141 | £1,413 | £21,657 | 15.3 yrs | £6,611 |
| 7 kW | 7161 kWh | 5514 kWh | 1647 kWh | £1,484 | £165 | £1,649 | £23,692 | 14.4 yrs | £9,288 |
| 8 kW | 8184 kWh | 6301 kWh | 1882 kWh | £1,696 | £188 | £1,885 | £25,726 | 13.7 yrs | £11,965 |
Assumptions: south-facing, sensible tilt; self-use shares from site rules; export at 10p baseline. Costs: panels £/kW = 2,035, battery £/kWh = 700.
Figures are illustrative and use the same method as the calculator above. For exact results, adjust your roof direction, tariff, and usage in the calculator.