A typical roof here lands around 6.0 kW, with most eligible homes comfortably fitting within 3–6 kW. Each kilowatt of panels produces roughly 1012 kWh per year on a south-facing roof. We value self-used electricity at 26.5p and exported surplus at a baseline 10p via SEG. Use the calculator above for your exact tariff.
Browse the scenarios below. Each battery size has its own expand — open the one that matches your plan (or just explore). For each system size (2–8 kW) we show annual output, how much you use directly, what gets exported, annual benefit, upfront cost, break-even, and a 20-year net. Negative numbers are possible — that’s the honest trade-off when adding more battery than your usage profile justifies.
No battery 5 kW example → Annual benefit: £839, Upfront: £10,173, Break-even: 12.1 yrs
| System | Annual output | Self-use | Exported | Bill saving | Export income | Annual benefit | Upfront cost | Break-even | 20-year net |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 kW | 2023 kWh | 809 kWh | 1214 kWh | £214 | £121 | £336 | £4,069 | 12.1 yrs | £2,644 |
| 3 kW | 3035 kWh | 1214 kWh | 1821 kWh | £321 | £182 | £503 | £6,104 | 12.1 yrs | £3,966 |
| 4 kW | 4046 kWh | 1618 kWh | 2428 kWh | £429 | £243 | £671 | £8,138 | 12.1 yrs | £5,288 |
| 5 kW | 5058 kWh | 2023 kWh | 3035 kWh | £536 | £303 | £839 | £10,173 | 12.1 yrs | £6,611 |
| 6 kW | 6069 kWh | 2428 kWh | 3641 kWh | £643 | £364 | £1,007 | £12,207 | 12.1 yrs | £7,933 |
| 7 kW | 7081 kWh | 2832 kWh | 4248 kWh | £750 | £425 | £1,175 | £14,242 | 12.1 yrs | £9,255 |
| 8 kW | 8092 kWh | 3237 kWh | 4855 kWh | £857 | £486 | £1,343 | £16,276 | 12.1 yrs | £10,577 |
Assumptions: south-facing, sensible tilt; self-use shares from site rules; export at 10p baseline. Costs: panels £/kW = 2,035, battery £/kWh = 700.
3 kWh battery 5 kW example → Annual benefit: £1,006, Upfront: £12,273, Break-even: 12.2 yrs
| System | Annual output | Self-use | Exported | Bill saving | Export income | Annual benefit | Upfront cost | Break-even | 20-year net |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 kW | 2023 kWh | 1214 kWh | 809 kWh | £321 | £81 | £402 | £6,169 | 15.3 yrs | £1,878 |
| 3 kW | 3035 kWh | 1821 kWh | 1214 kWh | £482 | £121 | £604 | £8,204 | 13.6 yrs | £3,867 |
| 4 kW | 4046 kWh | 2428 kWh | 1618 kWh | £643 | £162 | £805 | £10,238 | 12.7 yrs | £5,856 |
| 5 kW | 5058 kWh | 3035 kWh | 2023 kWh | £804 | £202 | £1,006 | £12,273 | 12.2 yrs | £7,845 |
| 6 kW | 6069 kWh | 3641 kWh | 2428 kWh | £964 | £243 | £1,207 | £14,307 | 11.9 yrs | £9,833 |
| 7 kW | 7081 kWh | 4248 kWh | 2832 kWh | £1,125 | £283 | £1,408 | £16,342 | 11.6 yrs | £11,822 |
| 8 kW | 8092 kWh | 4855 kWh | 3237 kWh | £1,286 | £324 | £1,609 | £18,376 | 11.4 yrs | £13,811 |
Assumptions: south-facing, sensible tilt; self-use shares from site rules; export at 10p baseline. Costs: panels £/kW = 2,035, battery £/kWh = 700.
5 kWh battery 5 kW example → Annual benefit: £1,089, Upfront: £13,673, Break-even: 12.6 yrs
| System | Annual output | Self-use | Exported | Bill saving | Export income | Annual benefit | Upfront cost | Break-even | 20-year net |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 kW | 2023 kWh | 1416 kWh | 607 kWh | £375 | £61 | £436 | £7,569 | 17.4 yrs | £1,145 |
| 3 kW | 3035 kWh | 2124 kWh | 910 kWh | £562 | £91 | £654 | £9,604 | 14.7 yrs | £3,467 |
| 4 kW | 4046 kWh | 2832 kWh | 1214 kWh | £750 | £121 | £871 | £11,638 | 13.4 yrs | £5,789 |
| 5 kW | 5058 kWh | 3540 kWh | 1517 kWh | £937 | £152 | £1,089 | £13,673 | 12.6 yrs | £8,112 |
| 6 kW | 6069 kWh | 4248 kWh | 1821 kWh | £1,125 | £182 | £1,307 | £15,707 | 12.0 yrs | £10,434 |
| 7 kW | 7081 kWh | 4956 kWh | 2124 kWh | £1,312 | £212 | £1,525 | £17,742 | 11.6 yrs | £12,756 |
| 8 kW | 8092 kWh | 5665 kWh | 2428 kWh | £1,500 | £243 | £1,743 | £19,776 | 11.3 yrs | £15,078 |
Assumptions: south-facing, sensible tilt; self-use shares from site rules; export at 10p baseline. Costs: panels £/kW = 2,035, battery £/kWh = 700.
7.5 kWh battery 5 kW example → Annual benefit: £1,114, Upfront: £15,423, Break-even: 13.8 yrs
| System | Annual output | Self-use | Exported | Bill saving | Export income | Annual benefit | Upfront cost | Break-even | 20-year net |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 kW | 2023 kWh | 1477 kWh | 546 kWh | £391 | £55 | £446 | £9,319 | 20.9 yrs | £-405 |
| 3 kW | 3035 kWh | 2215 kWh | 819 kWh | £587 | £82 | £669 | £11,354 | 17.0 yrs | £2,017 |
| 4 kW | 4046 kWh | 2954 kWh | 1092 kWh | £782 | £109 | £891 | £13,388 | 15.0 yrs | £4,439 |
| 5 kW | 5058 kWh | 3692 kWh | 1366 kWh | £978 | £137 | £1,114 | £15,423 | 13.8 yrs | £6,862 |
| 6 kW | 6069 kWh | 4430 kWh | 1639 kWh | £1,173 | £164 | £1,337 | £17,457 | 13.1 yrs | £9,284 |
| 7 kW | 7081 kWh | 5169 kWh | 1912 kWh | £1,369 | £191 | £1,560 | £19,492 | 12.5 yrs | £11,706 |
| 8 kW | 8092 kWh | 5907 kWh | 2185 kWh | £1,564 | £218 | £1,783 | £21,526 | 12.1 yrs | £14,129 |
Assumptions: south-facing, sensible tilt; self-use shares from site rules; export at 10p baseline. Costs: panels £/kW = 2,035, battery £/kWh = 700.
10 kWh battery 5 kW example → Annual benefit: £1,131, Upfront: £17,173, Break-even: 15.2 yrs
| System | Annual output | Self-use | Exported | Bill saving | Export income | Annual benefit | Upfront cost | Break-even | 20-year net |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 kW | 2023 kWh | 1517 kWh | 506 kWh | £402 | £51 | £452 | £11,069 | 24.5 yrs | £-2,022 |
| 3 kW | 3035 kWh | 2276 kWh | 759 kWh | £603 | £76 | £679 | £13,104 | 19.3 yrs | £467 |
| 4 kW | 4046 kWh | 3035 kWh | 1012 kWh | £804 | £101 | £905 | £15,138 | 16.7 yrs | £2,956 |
| 5 kW | 5058 kWh | 3793 kWh | 1264 kWh | £1,004 | £126 | £1,131 | £17,173 | 15.2 yrs | £5,445 |
| 6 kW | 6069 kWh | 4552 kWh | 1517 kWh | £1,205 | £152 | £1,357 | £19,207 | 14.2 yrs | £7,934 |
| 7 kW | 7081 kWh | 5310 kWh | 1770 kWh | £1,406 | £177 | £1,583 | £21,242 | 13.4 yrs | £10,423 |
| 8 kW | 8092 kWh | 6069 kWh | 2023 kWh | £1,607 | £202 | £1,809 | £23,276 | 12.9 yrs | £12,912 |
Assumptions: south-facing, sensible tilt; self-use shares from site rules; export at 10p baseline. Costs: panels £/kW = 2,035, battery £/kWh = 700.
13.5 kWh battery 5 kW example → Annual benefit: £1,148, Upfront: £19,623, Break-even: 17.1 yrs
| System | Annual output | Self-use | Exported | Bill saving | Export income | Annual benefit | Upfront cost | Break-even | 20-year net |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 kW | 2023 kWh | 1558 kWh | 465 kWh | £412 | £47 | £459 | £13,519 | 29.5 yrs | £-4,339 |
| 3 kW | 3035 kWh | 2337 kWh | 698 kWh | £619 | £70 | £689 | £15,554 | 22.6 yrs | £-1,783 |
| 4 kW | 4046 kWh | 3115 kWh | 931 kWh | £825 | £93 | £918 | £17,588 | 19.2 yrs | £773 |
| 5 kW | 5058 kWh | 3894 kWh | 1163 kWh | £1,031 | £116 | £1,148 | £19,623 | 17.1 yrs | £3,328 |
| 6 kW | 6069 kWh | 4673 kWh | 1396 kWh | £1,237 | £140 | £1,377 | £21,657 | 15.7 yrs | £5,884 |
| 7 kW | 7081 kWh | 5452 kWh | 1629 kWh | £1,444 | £163 | £1,607 | £23,692 | 14.7 yrs | £8,440 |
| 8 kW | 8092 kWh | 6231 kWh | 1861 kWh | £1,650 | £186 | £1,836 | £25,726 | 14.0 yrs | £10,995 |
Assumptions: south-facing, sensible tilt; self-use shares from site rules; export at 10p baseline. Costs: panels £/kW = 2,035, battery £/kWh = 700.
Figures are illustrative and use the same method as the calculator above. For exact results, adjust your roof direction, tariff, and usage in the calculator.